O lenei tusiga o loʻo taulaʻi i le antimicrobial mechanism of Gemini Surfactants, lea e faʻamoemoe e aoga i le tapeina o siama ma e mafai ona maua ai se fesoasoani i le faʻagesegese o le sosolo o coronavirus fou.
Surfactant, o se fa'aitiitiga o fuaitau Surface, Active ma Agent. Surfactants o mea ia o loʻo galue i luga o luga ma fesoʻotaʻiga ma e maualuga tele le malosi ma le lelei i le faʻaitiitia o le faʻalavelave i luga ole laiga (tuaoi), faʻavaeina faʻatonuga mole mole i fofo i luga aʻe o se faʻatonuga faapitoa ma maua ai le tele o galuega faʻaoga. Surfactants maua dispersibility lelei, wettability, emulsification gafatia, ma meatotino antistatic, ma ua avea ma mea autu mo le atinae o le tele o fanua, e aofia ai le fanua o vailaau lelei, ma i ai se sao taua i le faaleleia o faagasologa, faaitiitia le taumafaina o le malosi, ma faateleina le lelei o le gaosiga. . Faʻatasi ai ma le atinaʻeina o sosaiete ma le faʻaauau pea o le alualu i luma o le tulaga tau alamanuia o le lalolagi, o le faʻaaogaina o surfactants ua faasolosolo malie ona sosolo mai vailaʻau faʻaaogaina i aso taʻitasi i vaega eseese o le tamaoaiga o le atunuʻu, e pei o vailaʻau antibacterial, meaʻai faaopoopo, malosi fou, togafitiga faʻaleagaina ma biopharmaceuticals.
O so'o fa'aoso masani o fa'aputuga "amphiphilic" e aofia ai vaega fa'a-polar hydrophilic ma fa'alapotopotoga e le polar hydrophobic, ma o latou fausaga mole o lo'o fa'aalia i le Ata 1(a).
I le taimi nei, faʻatasi ai ma le atinaʻeina o le faʻaleleia ma le faʻaogaina i totonu o fale gaosi oloa, o loʻo faʻasolosolo malie le manaʻomia o mea faʻaola i le gaosiga o gaosiga, o lea e taua ai le sailia ma le atinaʻeina o faʻamaʻi faʻatasi ma mea maualuga maualuga ma faʻapitoa faʻapitoa. O le mauaina o Gemini Surfactants e fesoʻotaʻi ai nei va ma faʻamalieina manaʻoga o gaosiga o fale gaosi oloa. O se fa'amasani masani Gemini o se fa'apotopotoga e lua vaega hydrophilic (masani ionic po'o le nonionic ma meatotino hydrophilic) ma lua hydrophobic filifili alkyl.
E pei ona fa'aalia i le Ata 1(b), e fa'atusatusa i so'o se filifili ta'ito'atasi, Gemini Surfactants e feso'ota'i fa'atasi vaega e lua hydrophilic e ala i le so'otaga vaega (spacer). I se faapuupuuga, o le fausaga o le Gemini surfactant e mafai ona malamalama e pei ona faia e ala i le poto faʻapipiʻi lua vaega ulu hydrophilic o se surfactant masani faʻatasi ma se vaega soʻotaga.
O le fausaga faʻapitoa o le Gemini Surfactant e taʻitaʻia ai lona maualuga maualuga, lea e mafua ona o:
(1) le faʻaleleia atili o le hydrophobic aʻafiaga o filifili siʻusiʻu e lua o le Gemini Surfactant mole ma le faʻateleina o le faʻaogaina o le surfactant e alu ese ai le vaifofo vai.
(2) O le uiga o le hydrophilic ulu vaega e vavae ese mai le tasi ma le isi, aemaise lava vaega ulu ionic ona o le electrostatic repulsion, ua matua vaivai lava i le aafiaga o spacer;
(3) O le fausaga faʻapitoa o Gemini Surfactants e aʻafia ai a latou amio faʻapipiʻi i le vai vaifofo, tuʻuina atu ia i latou se faʻalavelave faʻapitoa ma fesuiaʻi faʻaputuga morphology.
Gemini Surfactants o loʻo i ai le maualuga maualuga (tuaoi) gaioiga, faʻaitiitia le faʻaogaina o le micelle, sili atu le susu, gafatia emulsification ma le malosi antibacterial faʻatusatusa i surfactants masani. O le mea lea, o le atinaʻeina ma le faʻaogaina o Gemini Surfactants e taua tele mo le atinaʻeina ma le faʻaogaina o mea faʻafefe.
O le "amphiphilic structure" o surfactants masani e maua ai ei latou tulaga tulaga ese i luga. E pei ona faʻaalia i le Ata 1(c), pe a faʻapipiʻi se mea faʻafefete masani i le vai, o le vaega ulu o le hydrophilic e masani ona solo i totonu o le vaifofo vai, ma o le vaega o le hydrophobic e taofia ai le faʻamavaeina o le mole faʻafefe i totonu o le vai. I lalo o le aʻafiaga tuʻufaʻatasia o nei faiga e lua, o loʻo faʻatamaoaigaina le mole o le surfactant i le faʻaogaina o le kesi-suavai ma faia se faʻatonuga faʻatulagaina, ma faʻaitiitia ai le malosi o le vai. E le pei o surfactants masani, Gemini Surfactants o "dimers" e faʻafesoʻotaʻi faʻatasi faʻafefete masani e ala i vaega vaʻavaʻa, lea e mafai ona faʻaitiitia ai le vaʻaia o le vai ma le suauʻu / vai i le va o le vaʻaiga sili atu ona lelei. E le gata i lea, o Gemini Surfactants e maualalo le maualuga o le micelle, sili atu le solubility o le vai, emulsification, faʻafefe, susu ma mea faʻamaʻi.
| Folasaga o Gemini Surfactants I le 1991, na saunia ai e Menger ma Littau [13] le ulua'i su'esu'ega filifili bis-alkyl fa'atasi ai ma se vaega so'otaga mautu, ma fa'aigoaina o le "Gemini surfactant". I le tausaga lava lea, na saunia ai e Zana et al [14] se faasologa o masima ammonium quaternary Gemini Surfactants mo le taimi muamua ma suʻesuʻeina faʻasolosolo meatotino o lenei faasologa o le masima ammonium quaternary Gemini Surfactants. 1996, tagata suʻesuʻe faʻasalalau ma faʻatalanoaina amioga i luga (tuaoi), tuʻufaʻatasiga meatotino, fofo rheology ma vaega amio a Gemini Surfactants eseese pe a faʻafefiloi ma surfactants masani. I le 2002, na suʻesuʻe ai e Zana [15] le aʻafiaga o vaega faʻafesoʻotaʻi eseese i luga o le tuʻufaʻatasiga o amioga a Gemini Surfactants i vai vai, o se galuega na matua faʻalauteleina le atinaʻeina o faʻamaʻi ma e taua tele. Mulimuli ane, na faia e Qiu et al [16] se auala fou mo le tuufaatasia o Gemini Surfactants o loʻo i ai fausaga faʻapitoa e faʻavae i luga o le cetyl bromide ma le 4-amino-3,5-dihydroxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole, lea na faʻatamaoaigaina atili ai le auala Gemini Surfactant synthesis. |
Suesuega i Gemini Surfactants i Saina na amata tuai; i le 1999, Jianxi Zhao mai le Iunivesite o Fuzhou na faia se iloiloga faʻatulagaina o suʻesuʻega mai fafo i Gemini Surfactants ma tosina atu ai le mafaufau o le tele o faʻalapotopotoga suʻesuʻe i Saina. Ina ua maeʻa lena, o suʻesuʻega i Gemini Surfactants i Saina na amata ona olaola ma maua ai taunuuga aoga. I tausaga talu ai nei, ua tuʻuina atu e le au suʻesuʻe i latou lava i le atinaʻeina o Gemini Surfactants fou ma suʻesuʻega o latou mea faʻapitoa faʻapitoa. I le taimi lava e tasi, o le talosaga a Gemini Surfactants ua faasolosolo malie ona atiina ae i le fanua o sterilization ma antibacterial, gaosiga o meaai, defoaming ma foam inhibition, faʻamalolo lemu fualaau faasaina ma le faamamaina o fale gaosi oloa. Faʻavae i luga pe o loʻo molia pe leai foi vaega ole hydrophilic i molelaʻau faʻafefe ma le ituaiga o tau latou te tauaveina, e mafai ona vaevaeina Gemini Surfactants i vaega nei: cationic, anionic, nonionic ma amphoteric Gemini Surfactants. Faatasi ai ma i latou, cationic Gemini Surfactants e masani lava ona faasino i quaternary ammonium po o ammonium masima Gemini Surfactants, anionic Gemini Surfactants tele lava faasino ia Gemini Surfactants o latou vaega hydrophilic sulfonic acid, phosphate ma carboxylic acid, ae nonionic Gemini Surfactants tele lava polyoxyethylene Gemini Surfactants.
1.1 Cationic Gemini Surfactants
E mafai e Cationic Gemini Surfactants ona fa'a'ese'ese cation i vaifofo vai, e masani lava o ammonium ma quaternary ammonium salt Gemini Surfactants. Cationic Gemini Surfactants o loʻo i ai le biodegradability lelei, malosi faʻaleagaina, vailaʻau faʻamautu, maualalo oona, fausaga faigofie, faʻapipiʻi faigofie, vavaeeseina faigofie ma faʻamamāina, ma e iai foʻi mea faʻamaʻi, anticorrosion, antistatic meatotino ma le vaivai.
Quaternary ammonium salt-based Gemini Surfactants e masani lava ona saunia mai amine maualuga e ala i alkylation reactions. E lua auala fa'atekonolosi autu e pei ona ta'ua i lalo: o le tasi o le fa'a-quaternize dibromo-sui alkanes ma le tasi filifili umi alkyl dimethyl amine maualuga; o le isi o le quaternize 1-bromo-sui alkanes filifili umi ma N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl alkyl diamines ma anhydrous ethanol o se solvent ma faamafanafana reflux. Ae ui i lea, o alkanes e suitulaga i le dibromo e sili atu ona taugata ma e masani ona faʻapipiʻiina e le auala lona lua, ma o le tali faʻatusa o loʻo faʻaalia i le Ata 2.
1.2 Anionic Gemini Surfactants
Anionic Gemini Surfactants e mafai ona fa'a'ese'ese anion i vaifofo vai, e masani lava sulfonates, masima sulfate, carboxylates ma masima phosphate ituaiga Gemini Surfactants. Anionic surfactants e sili atu meatotino e pei o le decontamination, foaming, dispersion, emulsification ma le susu, ma o loʻo faʻaaogaina lautele e pei o faʻamaʻi, mea faʻafefete, mea faʻasusu, emulsifiers ma dispersants.
1.2.1 Sulfonates
sulfonate-faavae biosurfactants i ai le lelei o le solubility vai lelei, susu lelei, lelei le vevela ma le masima tetee, detergency lelei, ma le malosi dispersing malosi, ma o loo faaaogaina lautele e pei o detergents, foaming agents, susu sooupu, emulsifiers, ma dispersants i le suauu, fale'ie, ma vaila'au fa'aaoga i aso uma ona o le tele o a latou puna'oa o mea mata'utia, faiga faigofie o le gaosiga, ma tau maualalo. Li et al synthesized se faasologa o le dialkyl disulfonic acid Gemini Surfactants (2Cn-SCT), o se sulfonate-ituaiga baryonic surfactant masani, faʻaaogaina trichloramine, amine aliphatic ma taurine e fai ma mea mata i se tali tolu-laasaga.
1.2.2 Sasima Sulfate
Sulfate ester salts doublet surfactants o lo'o i ai le lelei o le ultra-low surface tension, maualuga galuega i luga, lelei vai solubility, lautele puna o mea mata ma fa'apena faigofie fa'asologa. E iai fo'i le lelei o le fufuluina ma le fa'afu'a, fa'amautu le fa'atinoga i le vai malo, ma le sulfate ester salts e fa'aitutū po'o sina alkaline ile vai vai. E pei ona faʻaalia i le Ata 3, Sun Dong et al faʻaaogaina lauric acid ma polyethylene glycol e avea ma mea mataʻina autu ma faʻapipiʻi faʻamau ester sulfate e ala i le suitulaga, esterification ma faʻaopoopoga faʻaopoopoga, ma faʻapipiʻi ai le sulfate ester masima ituaiga baryonic surfactant-GA12-S-12.
1.2.3 Masima o le kalikokiliki
Carboxylate-faavae Gemini Surfactants e masani lava agamalu, lanumeamata, faigofie biodegradable ma maua se puna mauoa o mea masani mata, uʻamea maualuga chelating meatotino, lelei vai malosi tetee ma fasimoli fasimoli dispersion, lelei foaming ma susū meatotino, ma o loo faaaogaina lautele i vailaau, pharmaceuticals. 'ie, vaila'au lelei ma isi matā'upu. O le faʻaofiina o vaega amide i biosurfactants faʻavae carboxylate e mafai ona faʻaleleia ai le biodegradability o molelaʻau surfactant ma faʻapea foʻi ona lelei le susu, emulsification, dispersion ma le faʻaleagaina. Mei ma et al fa'apipi'iina se baryonic surfactant CGS-2 fa'avae carboxylate o lo'o iai vaega amide e fa'aaoga ai le dodecylamine, dibromoethane ma le succinic anhydride e fai ma mea mata.
1.2.4 Masima fosfata
Phosphate ester salt type Gemini Surfactants e tutusa lona fausaga i phospholipids faanatura ma e faigofie ona fausia ni fausaga e pei o micelles liliu ma vesicle. Phosphate ester masima ituaiga Gemini Surfactants ua faʻaaogaina lautele e fai ma sui antistatic ma fufulu tagamea, ae o latou meatotino emulsification maualuga ma fai si maualalo le ita ua mafua ai lo latou faaaogaina lautele i le tausiga o le tagata lava ia. O nisi phosphate esters e mafai ona avea ma antikanesa, antitumor ma antibacterial, ma le tele o vailaʻau ua atiaʻe. O biosurfactants ituaiga masima Phosphate e maualuga le emulsification mo vailaau e tineia ai manu faalafua ma e mafai ona faaaoga e le gata e avea ma vailaau antibacterial ma iniseti ae faapea foi ma herbicides. Na su'esu'e e Zheng ma al le fa'aogaina o le phosphate ester salt Gemini Surfactants mai le P2O5 ma ortho-quat-based oligomeric diols, lea e sili atu le susu, mea lelei antistatic, ma se fa'agasologa faigofie fa'atasi ma tulaga fa'afefete. O le fua mole o le potassium phosphate salt baryonic surfactant o loʻo faʻaalia i le Ata 4.
1.3 Non-ionic Gemini Surfactants
Nonionic Gemini Surfactants e le mafai ona fa'amavaeina ile vai vaifofo ma o lo'o iai ile mole mole. O lenei ituaiga baryonic surfactant e leʻi suʻesuʻeina e oʻo mai i le taimi nei, ma e lua ituaiga, o le tasi o le suka suka ae o le isi o le alcohol ether ma le phenol ether. Nonionic Gemini Surfactants e le o iai i totonu o le ionic state i le vaifofo, o lea e maualuga ai le mautu, e le faigofie ona aʻafia i electrolytes malosi, e lelei le lavelave ma isi ituaiga o mea faʻafefete, ma maua ai le solubility lelei. O le mea lea, o le surfactants nonionic e iai mea eseese e pei o le detergency lelei, dispersibility, emulsification, foaming, wettability, antistatic property and sterilization, ma e mafai ona faʻaaogaina lautele i vaega eseese e pei o vailaau faʻasaina ma coatings. E pei ona faʻaalia i le Ata 5, i le 2004, FitzGerald et al synthesized polyoxyethylene based Gemini Surfactants (nonionic surfactants), o lona fausaga na faʻaalia (Cn-2H2n-3CHCH2O(CH2CH2O)mH)2(CH2)6 (poʻo GemnEm).
02 Meatotino fa'aletino ole Gemini Surfactants
2.1 Gaoioiga a Gemini Surfactants
O le auala pito sili ona faigofie ma sili ona tuusa'o e iloilo ai le gaioiga i luga o le surfactants o le fuaina lea o le malosi o latou vai. I le mataupu faavae, surfactants fa'aitiitia le malosi o le vaifofo e ala i le fa'atulagaina o fa'atonuga i luga ole va'alele (tua'oi) (Ata 1(c)). Ole maualuga ole micelle concentration (CMC) o Gemini Surfactants e sili atu ma le lua poloaiga ole laʻititi laʻititi ma o le tau C20 e sili atu ona maualalo pe a faʻatusatusa i faʻamaʻi masani ma fausaga tutusa. O le baryonic surfactant mole o loʻo iai ni vaega hydrophilic se lua e fesoasoani e faʻamautu lelei le soluble vai aʻo iai ni filifili uumi umi hydrophobic. I luga o le vai / ea, o loʻo faʻapipiʻiina faʻamaʻi masani ona o le faʻaogaina o le faʻaogaina o nofoaga ma le faʻateʻaina o tau tutusa i molelaʻau, ma faʻavaivaia ai lo latou gafatia e faʻaitiitia le faʻafefe o le vai. I se faʻatusatusaga, o vaega faʻafesoʻotaʻi o Gemini Surfactants e fesoʻotaʻi faʻatasi ina ia tumau le mamao i le va o vaega hydrophilic e lua i totonu o se laʻititi laʻititi (e laʻititi atu nai lo le mamao i le va o vaega hydrophilic o surfactants masani), e mafua ai le sili atu o le gaioiga a Gemini Surfactants i o luga (tuaoi).
2.2 Fa'alapotopotoga fa'apotopotoga o Gemini Surfactants
I vaifofo vai, a'o fa'atupula'ia le fa'aputuga o le baryonic surfactant, e fa'asusu ona molela'au i luga o le vaifofo, lea e fa'amalosia ai isi molela'au e malaga atu i totonu o le vaifofo e fai ai micelles. O le fa'atonuga lea e amata ai ona fa'atupu mai le micelles e ta'ua o le Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). E pei ona faʻaalia i le Ata 9, pe a maeʻa le faʻatonuga e sili atu nai lo le CMC, e le pei o faʻamaʻi masani e faʻapipiʻi e fai ai micelles spherical, Gemini Surfactants e maua ai le tele o micelle morphologies, e pei o laina laina ma le bilayer, ona o latou uiga faʻavae. O le eseesega i le lapopoa o le micelle, foliga ma le faʻamamaina o loʻo i ai se aʻafiaga tuusaʻo i le amio faʻasolosolo ma mea faʻapitoa o le fofo, ma e taʻitaʻia ai foi suiga i le viscoelasticity fofo. O mea fa'aola masani, e pei o le anionic surfactants (SDS), e masani ona fausia ni micelles spherical, e toetoe lava a leai se aafiaga i le viscosity o le fofo. Ae ui i lea, o le fausaga faʻapitoa o Gemini Surfactants e taʻitaʻia ai le faʻavaeina o le micelle morphology sili atu ona lavelave ma o meatotino o latou vaifofo vai e matua ese lava mai i latou o faʻamaʻi masani. O le viscosity o vaifofo vai a Gemini Surfactants e fa'atupula'ia i le fa'atuputeleina o le fa'atonuga o Gemini Surfactants, masalo ona o lo'o fa'apipi'i laina micelles i se fausaga e pei o le upega. Ae ui i lea, o le viscosity o le fofo e faʻaitiitia i le faʻateleina o le faʻaogaina o le surfactant, masalo ona o le faʻalavelaveina o le upega tafaʻilagi ma le faʻavaeina o isi fausaga micelle.
03 Mea fa'ama'i fa'ama'i ole Gemini Surfactants
I le avea ai o se ituaiga o vailaʻau antimicrobial, o le antimicrobial mechanism of baryonic surfactant e masani lava ona tuʻufaʻatasia ma anion i luga o le cell membrane surface o microorganisms poʻo le tali atu i vaega sulfhydryl e faʻalavelave ai le gaosiga o latou polotini ma sela sela, ma faʻaumatia ai masini microbial e faʻalavelave ai. po'o le tapeina o meaola ninii.
3.1 Mea fa'ama'i fa'ama'i ole anionic Gemini Surfactants
O mea fa'aantimicrobial o antimicrobial anionic surfactants e tele lava ina fa'amoemoe i le natura o vaega fa'ama'i fa'ama'i latou te tauaveina. I vaifofo colloidal e pei o latex masani ma coatings, filifili hydrophilic fusifusia i dispersants solu vai, ma filifili hydrophobic o le a fusifusia i hydrophobic dispersions e ala i le adsorption faasinomaga, ma faapea ona suia le lua-vaega interface i se mafiafia molecular ata tifaga interfacial. O vaega fa'asa'o fa'ama'i o lo'o i luga o lenei vaega puipui mafiafia e taofia ai le tupu a'e o siama.
O le faiga o le fa'ama'i fa'ama'i o mea fa'agata anionic e matua'i 'ese'ese mai le fa'ama'i fa'ama'i. O le faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi o faʻamaʻi anionic e fesoʻotaʻi ma a latou fofo faʻaogaina ma vaega faʻalavelave, o lea e mafai ai ona faʻatapulaʻaina lenei ituaiga o mea faʻafefe. E tatau ona lava le maualuga o lenei ituaiga o su'ega ina ia maua ai le su'ega i tulimanu uma o le faiga e maua ai se aafiaga lelei mo le microbicidal. I le taimi lava e tasi, o lenei ituaiga o surfactant e leai se localization ma taulaiga, lea e le gata e mafua ai otaota le talafeagai, ae faʻatupu ai foi le tetee mo se taimi umi.
Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o meaola olaola faʻavae alkyl sulfonate ua faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau faʻafomaʻi. Alkyl sulfonates, e pei o Busulfan ma Treosulfan, e masani lava ona togafitia faʻamaʻi myeloproliferative, galue e maua ai le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le guanine ma le ureapurine, ae o lenei suiga e le mafai ona toe faʻaleleia e ala ile suʻesuʻeina telefoni feaveaʻi, e mafua ai le apoptotic cell death.
3.2 Mea fa'ama'i fa'ama'i ole cationic Gemini Surfactants
Ole ituaiga autu ole cationic Gemini Surfactants na atiae ole quaternary ammonium salt type Gemini Surfactants. Quaternary ammonium type cationic Gemini Surfactants e malosi a'afiaga fa'ama'i ona o lo'o i ai le lua hydrophobic filifili umi alkane i quaternary ammonium ituaiga baryonic surfactant molelaula, ma o filifili hydrophobic fausia hydrophobic adsorption ma le puipui sela (peptidoglycan); i le taimi lava e tasi, o loʻo i ai ni ionni nitrogen se lua e faʻamalosia lelei, lea o le a faʻalauteleina ai le faʻaogaina o molelaʻau surfactant i luga o le siama e le lelei le molia, ma e ala i le faʻaogaina ma le faʻasalalauina, o filifili hydrophobic e ulu loloto i totonu o le lipid cell membrane, suia le faʻaogaina o le membrane cell, e taʻitaʻia ai le malepelepe o le siama, faʻaopoopo i vaega hydrophilic loloto i totonu o le porotini, e mafua ai le leiloa o le enzyme ma le protein denaturation, ona o le tuʻufaʻatasia o nei aʻafiaga e lua, o le fungicide e iai se malosi a'afiaga bactericidal.
Ae ui i lea, mai le vaaiga o le siosiomaga, o nei surfactants o loʻo i ai le faʻaogaina o le hemolytic ma le cytotoxicity, ma le umi o le taimi faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma meaola vai ma le biodegradation e mafai ona faʻateleina ai lo latou oona.
3.3 O mea fa'ama'i a le Gemini Surfactants e le ninionic
O lo'o i ai nei ituaiga e lua o le Gemini Surfactants e le ninionic, o le tasi o le suka ma le isi o le alcohol ether ma le phenol ether.
O le masini antibacterial o biosurfactants e maua mai i le suka e faʻavae i luga o le affinity o molelaʻau, ma e mafai ona fusifusia mea e maua mai i le suka i sela sela, lea e aofia ai le tele o phospholipids. Pe a oʻo i se tulaga faʻapitoa le faʻaogaina o mea e maua mai ai le suka, e suia ai le faʻaogaina o le membrane cell, e fausia ai pores ma ion channels, lea e aʻafia ai le felauaiga o meaʻai ma le fesuiaiga o le kesi, ma mafua ai le tafe mai o mea i totonu ma iʻu ai i le oti o le. siama.
O le antibacterial mechanism of phenolic ma alcoholic ethers antimicrobial agents o le galue lea i luga o le puipui o le sela poʻo le membrane cell ma enzymes, faʻalavelaveina gaioiga metabolic ma faʻalavelaveina galuega toe faʻafouina. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o vailaʻau faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi o le diphenyl ethers ma a latou mea e maua mai ai (phenols) o loʻo faʻatofuina i siama siama poʻo siama siama ma galue i totonu o le puipui o le sela ma le membrane cell, faʻalavelaveina le gaioiga ma le gaioiga o enzymes e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaogaina o nucleic acids ma proteins, faʻatapulaʻaina le tuputupu aʻe ma le toe gaosia o siama. E fa'aletonu ai fo'i le gaioiina o le tino ma le manava o enzymes i totonu o le siama, ona le manuia ai lea.
3.4 O mea fa'ama'i fa'ama'i ole amphoteric Gemini Surfactants
Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants o se vasega o surfactants o loʻo i ai uma cations ma anion i totonu o latou fausaga mole, e mafai ona ionize i le vai vaifofo, ma faʻaalia meatotino o surfactants anionic i se tasi tulaga tulaga ma cationic surfactants i se isi tulaga tulaga. O le faiga o le faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi o le amphoteric surfactants e le faʻamaonia, ae e masani ona talitonu o le faʻalavelave e ono tutusa ma le quaternary ammonium surfactants, lea e faigofie ai ona faʻapipiʻi le surfactant i luga o le siama leaga ma faʻalavelave i le metabolism siama.
3.4.1 Mea fa'ama'i fa'ama'i ole amino acid Gemini Surfactants
Amino acid type baryonic surfactant o se cationic amphoteric baryonic surfactant e aofia ai ni amino acids se lua, o lona uiga e sili atu ona tutusa lona masini antimicrobial i le quaternary ammonium salt type baryonic surfactant. O le vaega o lo'o molia lelei o le surfactant e tosina atu i le vaega leaga o le siama poʻo viral luga ona o le electrostatic fegalegaleaiga, ma mulimuli ane fusifusia filifili hydrophobic i le lipid bilayer, e oʻo atu ai i le efflux o mea o loʻo i totonu o le sela ma lysis seia oʻo i le oti. E i ai tulaga sili ona lelei nai lo le quaternary ammonium-based Gemini Surfactants: faigofie biodegradability, laʻititi le gaioiga o le hemolytic, ma le maualalo o le oona, o lea ua atiaʻe ai mo lona faʻaogaina ma lona faʻaogaina o loʻo faʻalauteleina.
3.4.2 Mea fa'ama'i fa'ama'i o le ituaiga su'ega ole amino Gemini Surfactants
Ole ituaiga ole amino acid amphoteric Gemini Surfactants o lo'o iai toega mole mole malosi i luga ole laiga o lo'o i ai nofoaga fa'atosina lelei ma le le lelei. Ole ituaiga ole ole amino acid Gemini Surfactants ole betaine, imidazoline, ma le amine oxide. O le avea o le ituaiga betaine e fai ma faʻataʻitaʻiga, betaine-type amphoteric surfactants o loʻo i ai uma vaega anionic ma cationic i totonu o latou mole, e le faigofie ona aʻafia i masima inorganic ma e iai aʻafiaga faʻafefe i vailaʻau faʻamaʻi ma alkaline, ma o le antimicrobial mechanism of cationic Gemini Surfactants e. sosoo ai i vaifofo acidic ma le anionic Gemini Surfactants i vaifofo alkaline. O lo'o i ai fo'i le fa'agasologa lelei o le tu'ufa'atasia ma isi ituaiga o su'ega.
04 Fa'ai'uga ma le va'aiga
Gemini Surfactants ua faʻateleina le faʻaaogaina i le olaga ona o lo latou fausaga faʻapitoa, ma o loʻo faʻaaogaina lautele i le fanua o le sterilization antibacterial, gaosiga o meaʻai, faʻafefeteina ma le foam inhibition, faʻamalolo lemu fualaau ma le faʻamamaina o fale gaosimea. Faatasi ai ma le faʻateleina o le manaʻoga mo le puipuiga o le siosiomaga lanu meamata, Gemini Surfactants ua faasolosolo malie ona atiaʻe e avea ma faʻaoga faʻafefe ma tele galuega. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi i Gemini Surfactants e mafai ona faʻatinoina i vaega nei: atinaʻeina o Gemini Surfactants fou faʻatasi ai ma fausaga faʻapitoa ma galuega, aemaise le faʻamalosia o suʻesuʻega i luga o le antibacterial ma le antiviral; fa'apipi'i fa'atasi ma so'o fa'apipi'i masani po'o mea fa'aopoopo e fausia ai oloa e sili atu le fa'atinoga; ma le fa'aogaina o mea mata'utia taugofie ma faigofie ona maua e fa'apipi'i ai Gemini Surfactants fa'alelei le si'osi'omaga.
Taimi meli: Mati-25-2022